The focus of Family therapy is on the family as a unit and how the members relate to one another within the unit. The focus is on roles, interpersonal dynamics and communication between the members.
Structural Family therapy, propounded by Salvador Minuchin, suggests that the life History of a family is a succession of experiments in living. The model focuses on the patterns of interaction within the family which gives clues as to the basic structure and organization of the system. Structure in this context refers t the invisible set of functional demands that organize the way the family interact.
A family operates through repeated transactional patterns that regulate the behaviors of family members. Such patterns describe how, when and to whom family members relate. Families are governed by two general systems of constraint; the generic and the idiosyncratic.
The generic connotes a hierarchal system in which the parents have greater authority over the children. It operates under the notion of reciprocal and complementary functions discerned by labels applied to families indicating their roles and functions.
The idiosyncratic constraint suggest that rules and patterns may evolve but with time the reason for doing things in a particular way maybe lost. The rules and patterns are however retained and become part of the family structure.
Families, according to this model operate under subsystems namely spousal, parental, siblings and extended subsystem whose rule is hierarchical. The model insists in there being appropriate boundary between generations for the proper functioning of the family.
Therapy does not focus on problem solving because symptomatic behavior is viewed as a logical response in the family’s given structure. Changing the structure will help solve the problem and changing the structure maybe the main goal of therapy.
Experiential Family therapy proposed by Virginia Satir, on the other hand operates on the premise that families are balanced rule governed systems. Through the basic components of communication and self esteem, families provide a context for growth and development.
The cornerstone of this model is the primary survival triad. This triad includes the parents and child or children. According to Virginia Satir, each child acquires identity and self esteem to the constructive and destructive interaction characteristic of this triad.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/373541_structural-family-therapy-as-compared-to-experiential-satir-family-therapy#ixzz15CU8cvt3
This is a blog that I educate and express my opinions on some health and mental Health issues. Different therapies used in psychotherapy are also discussed.
Saturday, November 13, 2010
You don't need to be sexy to be real
"There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death" Proverbs 14: 12
There seems to be a calculated move in the world today to make everyone value themselves by their sexuality. Everything these days is about sex. Even food commercials manage to sneak in something about sex. We now talk about people being sexy to add value to their being. I have seen little girls aged 8 years dress provocatively because they want to be sexy. In other words our self worth has now been reduced to how sexy we are or are not.
This has led to a culture of sex without value and morality has been thrown out of the window. We want to catch up with the sexiness of others to fit in or to sound hip regardless of the consequences. This is why we laugh at virgins or those who chose a celibate life because they are the odd ones out. In fact you can be considered to be having a mental health issue if you are not having sex.
One is considered real if they are having sex as a heterosexual, homosexua,l bi-sexual or is using some form of toys to have sex. Pornography has become easily accessible and has awakened demons in people that has caused them to do things that perhaps were unimaginable before. These days I hear talk about open relationships where couples although married agree to have sex with others outside the marriage. Then there is the added element of group sex.
The question we must ask ourselves is whether sex is supposed to control our being as we are led to believe by the powers behind this campaign. What has an 8 year old child got to do with sex? The girl’s body is not even formed yet she is being encouraged to value herself by how sexual she looks. What happens to this girl later in life? It seems to me that the reason we are having all these deviant sexual behaviors is because of the message being paraded in the media.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/371288_you-dont-need-to-be-sexy-to-be-real#ixzz15CSPGQ7F
There seems to be a calculated move in the world today to make everyone value themselves by their sexuality. Everything these days is about sex. Even food commercials manage to sneak in something about sex. We now talk about people being sexy to add value to their being. I have seen little girls aged 8 years dress provocatively because they want to be sexy. In other words our self worth has now been reduced to how sexy we are or are not.
This has led to a culture of sex without value and morality has been thrown out of the window. We want to catch up with the sexiness of others to fit in or to sound hip regardless of the consequences. This is why we laugh at virgins or those who chose a celibate life because they are the odd ones out. In fact you can be considered to be having a mental health issue if you are not having sex.
One is considered real if they are having sex as a heterosexual, homosexua,l bi-sexual or is using some form of toys to have sex. Pornography has become easily accessible and has awakened demons in people that has caused them to do things that perhaps were unimaginable before. These days I hear talk about open relationships where couples although married agree to have sex with others outside the marriage. Then there is the added element of group sex.
The question we must ask ourselves is whether sex is supposed to control our being as we are led to believe by the powers behind this campaign. What has an 8 year old child got to do with sex? The girl’s body is not even formed yet she is being encouraged to value herself by how sexual she looks. What happens to this girl later in life? It seems to me that the reason we are having all these deviant sexual behaviors is because of the message being paraded in the media.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/371288_you-dont-need-to-be-sexy-to-be-real#ixzz15CSPGQ7F
The Crisis that Gets worse in America-Obesity
According to statistics 2/3 of Americans are obese or overweight. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that obesity in America has increased by 60% within the last twenty years while obesity in children has tripled in the past thirty years.
One would think that a nation like America which claim to lead the world in knowledge and progress would be better informed about such a risky healthy situation. This it seems is one area that America has failed or is unable to tame. It is submitted that before this problem can be solved, there is need to understand why America has this problem. Until this is done the problem will continue and as usual it will be normalized to make obese people feel good about their condition while increasing the numbers.
I have observed that there is a double message that is being communicated when it comes to obesity. On the one hand, it stated there is a problem caused by something that people are doing or not doing but on the other hand it is no one’s fault that people are obese. Lately some researchers are starting to justify obesity as being genetic. One then must ask whether this gene is prevalent in America.
Tied with obesity crisis is the addiction problem which again is prevalent in America or perhaps in the Western world. If one is not addicted to alcohol or drugs, One is addicted to sex, another to food, and God knows what else. This again is said to be genetic and people should not be blamed for choosing such lifestyles. After all they cannot help themselves. In reality though, American lifestyle is tied to this crisis.
For one, America, like most Western countries is an individualistic nation where community accountability is not appreciated. It seems like people are disconnected and although they are together they are disjointed. There is also a separation between the spiritual and the physical. Virginia Satir, a humanist and experiential therapist, argues that the separation of mind and soul has led the person from the Western world to equate their identity with their mind and not with their whole being.
Satir further contends that as a consequence most individuals feel “isolated inside their bodies” (Satir & Baldwin, P 167). This inner fragmentation mirrors the outside world, which is seen as a multitude of separate parts existing for the benefit of separate interest groups. The result of this is alienation from nature and other human beings. God created human beings to function as both spiritual and physical beings in a community.
When human beings are not living as intended they will act out somehow. They will look for something to feel the void. Some may turn to food, others sex, others drugs and alcohol among such things. These things by themselves cannot solve the problem and as such they end up controlling the person. People use Food as a companion, as a comfort or as medication when it was never intended to.
The other thing is the “fast” life that Americans thrive in. It seems to me like they are a people chasing after something which I suspect they do not even know what it is. Most Americans will tell you with pride that they work 16 hours a day or they have three jobs. While we all value the ethics of hard work and the ability to provide for oneself and family, how can anyone who works like that still expect to function with normalcy? Rest and relationships are part of our wholeness and when this is lacking one will fill the void with something else.
Tied to the fast life is the fast food culture. Instead of eating a diet of pure, wholesome foods coming directly from the land, Americans eat a diet of packaged, processed, and refined foods. “Fast-food restaurants have become mainstream in the past 30 years and practically all of America takes advantage of the cheap prices, quick service and tasty meals”. Convenient as these foods maybe, the fact of the matter is that they contain practically no nutrients.
Most fast foods are comprised of saturated fats and highly refined carbohydrates as well as being loaded with sodium and sugar. Even the school foods epitomizes the American culture of eating. The school meals are unhealthy and has helped to create more obese children. Few Americans ever cook fresh foods from the scratch and there seems to be a conspiracy to encourage this. I say this because foods like fresh vegetables and fruits are the most expensive compared to processed foods.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/371212_the-crisis-that-gets-worse-in-america-obesity#ixzz15CRVUFzc
One would think that a nation like America which claim to lead the world in knowledge and progress would be better informed about such a risky healthy situation. This it seems is one area that America has failed or is unable to tame. It is submitted that before this problem can be solved, there is need to understand why America has this problem. Until this is done the problem will continue and as usual it will be normalized to make obese people feel good about their condition while increasing the numbers.
I have observed that there is a double message that is being communicated when it comes to obesity. On the one hand, it stated there is a problem caused by something that people are doing or not doing but on the other hand it is no one’s fault that people are obese. Lately some researchers are starting to justify obesity as being genetic. One then must ask whether this gene is prevalent in America.
Tied with obesity crisis is the addiction problem which again is prevalent in America or perhaps in the Western world. If one is not addicted to alcohol or drugs, One is addicted to sex, another to food, and God knows what else. This again is said to be genetic and people should not be blamed for choosing such lifestyles. After all they cannot help themselves. In reality though, American lifestyle is tied to this crisis.
For one, America, like most Western countries is an individualistic nation where community accountability is not appreciated. It seems like people are disconnected and although they are together they are disjointed. There is also a separation between the spiritual and the physical. Virginia Satir, a humanist and experiential therapist, argues that the separation of mind and soul has led the person from the Western world to equate their identity with their mind and not with their whole being.
Satir further contends that as a consequence most individuals feel “isolated inside their bodies” (Satir & Baldwin, P 167). This inner fragmentation mirrors the outside world, which is seen as a multitude of separate parts existing for the benefit of separate interest groups. The result of this is alienation from nature and other human beings. God created human beings to function as both spiritual and physical beings in a community.
When human beings are not living as intended they will act out somehow. They will look for something to feel the void. Some may turn to food, others sex, others drugs and alcohol among such things. These things by themselves cannot solve the problem and as such they end up controlling the person. People use Food as a companion, as a comfort or as medication when it was never intended to.
The other thing is the “fast” life that Americans thrive in. It seems to me like they are a people chasing after something which I suspect they do not even know what it is. Most Americans will tell you with pride that they work 16 hours a day or they have three jobs. While we all value the ethics of hard work and the ability to provide for oneself and family, how can anyone who works like that still expect to function with normalcy? Rest and relationships are part of our wholeness and when this is lacking one will fill the void with something else.
Tied to the fast life is the fast food culture. Instead of eating a diet of pure, wholesome foods coming directly from the land, Americans eat a diet of packaged, processed, and refined foods. “Fast-food restaurants have become mainstream in the past 30 years and practically all of America takes advantage of the cheap prices, quick service and tasty meals”. Convenient as these foods maybe, the fact of the matter is that they contain practically no nutrients.
Most fast foods are comprised of saturated fats and highly refined carbohydrates as well as being loaded with sodium and sugar. Even the school foods epitomizes the American culture of eating. The school meals are unhealthy and has helped to create more obese children. Few Americans ever cook fresh foods from the scratch and there seems to be a conspiracy to encourage this. I say this because foods like fresh vegetables and fruits are the most expensive compared to processed foods.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/371212_the-crisis-that-gets-worse-in-america-obesity#ixzz15CRVUFzc
Saturday, October 9, 2010
How emtional Focused couple's therapy works
Emotional Focused Therapy (EFT) is a theory on couple’s therapy focusing on emotional reactions between relating partners. The focus of the theory is on how negative interaction cycles provoke negative and hostile emotional reactions among primary relational partners. The therapeutic focus is to correct emotional experiences in the couple’s relationship.
The theory uses attachment theory with a perspective that there are two relationship roles that play into negative interaction cycle to support the couple’s conflict namely the “withdrawer” and the “blamer” (pursuer). To Show how Emotional focused therapy works, I have created a fictious case of a couple named Bob and Cynthia.
Bob(27years) and Cynthia (25 years) have been married for approximately three years. They met when they started working together seven years ago. The source of their going for therapy was a recent conflict between them which resulted in Cynthia moving back to her parent’s home. They have been in therapy for six sessions. Both report that when they fight they try to Say the most hurtful thing that they can to each other. They continually revisit past issues and use intimate details against each other.
In this case Cynthia is the pursuer while Bob is the withdrawer. The pursuer partner does so due to the perceived disengagement in the relationship. Cynthia pursues Bob in order to engage him into the relationship because she feels “overwhelmed, rejected and alone”. If Bob does not respond to her she becomes more upset and pursues him further and brings up times when Bob disappointed her. Bob on the other hand reacts by withdrawing until the “nagging” eventually leads him to explode in name calling and brings up a past relationship that Cynthia had in the early part of their relationship
The first thing that a therapist does in such a case is to track and reflect on emotional experiences. This allows the therapist to focus on the process of therapy as well as build the therapeutic alliance and clarify relationship roles vis-à-vis who is the pursuer and who is the withdrawer. In our case we have identified Cynthia as the pursuer and Bob as the withdrawer. The other issue is to identify the attachment injury by encouraging the partners to discuss a particular painful incident where the other partner was inaccessible and unresponsive.
This is referred to as the “marker event”. For Cynthia this is the time that she had a miscarriage. She relates how every time Bob is not there she “re-experiences the miscarriage”. She reflects on how Bob appeared to be disinterested with the pregnancy and even when she was rushed to hospital he did not respond or return her calls. To make it worse, after the baby was lost, Bob did not comfort or empathize with her. On the Part of Bob, the injury pertains to the relationship that Jessica had with his best friend when Bob was away due to work demands.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/369004_how-emotional-focused-couples-therapy-work#ixzz11ufAmyzd
The theory uses attachment theory with a perspective that there are two relationship roles that play into negative interaction cycle to support the couple’s conflict namely the “withdrawer” and the “blamer” (pursuer). To Show how Emotional focused therapy works, I have created a fictious case of a couple named Bob and Cynthia.
Bob(27years) and Cynthia (25 years) have been married for approximately three years. They met when they started working together seven years ago. The source of their going for therapy was a recent conflict between them which resulted in Cynthia moving back to her parent’s home. They have been in therapy for six sessions. Both report that when they fight they try to Say the most hurtful thing that they can to each other. They continually revisit past issues and use intimate details against each other.
In this case Cynthia is the pursuer while Bob is the withdrawer. The pursuer partner does so due to the perceived disengagement in the relationship. Cynthia pursues Bob in order to engage him into the relationship because she feels “overwhelmed, rejected and alone”. If Bob does not respond to her she becomes more upset and pursues him further and brings up times when Bob disappointed her. Bob on the other hand reacts by withdrawing until the “nagging” eventually leads him to explode in name calling and brings up a past relationship that Cynthia had in the early part of their relationship
The first thing that a therapist does in such a case is to track and reflect on emotional experiences. This allows the therapist to focus on the process of therapy as well as build the therapeutic alliance and clarify relationship roles vis-à-vis who is the pursuer and who is the withdrawer. In our case we have identified Cynthia as the pursuer and Bob as the withdrawer. The other issue is to identify the attachment injury by encouraging the partners to discuss a particular painful incident where the other partner was inaccessible and unresponsive.
This is referred to as the “marker event”. For Cynthia this is the time that she had a miscarriage. She relates how every time Bob is not there she “re-experiences the miscarriage”. She reflects on how Bob appeared to be disinterested with the pregnancy and even when she was rushed to hospital he did not respond or return her calls. To make it worse, after the baby was lost, Bob did not comfort or empathize with her. On the Part of Bob, the injury pertains to the relationship that Jessica had with his best friend when Bob was away due to work demands.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/369004_how-emotional-focused-couples-therapy-work#ixzz11ufAmyzd
8 Simple Ways to manage depression
Depression is a mental illness that is experienced by most people if not all at one time or another in their lifetime. This is because we all go through some life changes be they physical, emotional or psychological which cause us to depress
Depression can manifest as feelings of sadness, low self-esteem, hopelessness, weariness, sleeping problems and physical pains. It is important to consult a doctor if the symptoms are affecting your daily functioning and for a proper diagnosis. There are many other illness that may manifest as depression or cause depression and it is therefore important to rule out other medical conditions that maybe the cause of your symptoms.
The doctor may prescribe antidepressant but it is also important to seek a mental health therapist who will assist you to process your thoughts and feelings that maybe causing the depression. Depression is caused by feelings that are internalized which may cause chemical imbalance and the way to deal with them is to externalize.
Ways to help yourself Recover
1) Depression will cause you to want to isolate and feed on your negative emotions that are in the first place causing you to depress. The first thing to try and do is to avoid isolation. This in the beginning can be done by taking walks near where you are. Even though you are not talking to people, you will find observing your surrounding or people around you will help you take the focus out of you. If you can, take walks in the park because there is always some activity going and it is also serene.
2) Connected with this, is when you are outside you enjoy the sun. People who depress have been found to be short of Vitamin D. The sun is the greatest supplier of vitamin D which is absorbed through the skin. Most depression happen during the gloomy season and indeed the cases of depression in Africa are very low perhaps because the sun is up most days of the year.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/366241_8-simple-ways-to-manage-depression#ixzz11ueGQGT1
Depression can manifest as feelings of sadness, low self-esteem, hopelessness, weariness, sleeping problems and physical pains. It is important to consult a doctor if the symptoms are affecting your daily functioning and for a proper diagnosis. There are many other illness that may manifest as depression or cause depression and it is therefore important to rule out other medical conditions that maybe the cause of your symptoms.
The doctor may prescribe antidepressant but it is also important to seek a mental health therapist who will assist you to process your thoughts and feelings that maybe causing the depression. Depression is caused by feelings that are internalized which may cause chemical imbalance and the way to deal with them is to externalize.
Ways to help yourself Recover
1) Depression will cause you to want to isolate and feed on your negative emotions that are in the first place causing you to depress. The first thing to try and do is to avoid isolation. This in the beginning can be done by taking walks near where you are. Even though you are not talking to people, you will find observing your surrounding or people around you will help you take the focus out of you. If you can, take walks in the park because there is always some activity going and it is also serene.
2) Connected with this, is when you are outside you enjoy the sun. People who depress have been found to be short of Vitamin D. The sun is the greatest supplier of vitamin D which is absorbed through the skin. Most depression happen during the gloomy season and indeed the cases of depression in Africa are very low perhaps because the sun is up most days of the year.
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/366241_8-simple-ways-to-manage-depression#ixzz11ueGQGT1
Basic Concepts of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the models used by psychotherapist to improve the life of a client. The therapy emphasis is on our thinking, feelings and how we act as result of those thoughts
Most mental health therapies suggest a client's psychological symptoms emanate from the client's family of origin. It is presumed that the client learnt to do things the way they do from their family of origin and if they are not properly differentiated they will have clinical symptoms. CBT on the other hand suggest that people get psychological problems because of self induced rigid “musts” commands about the events in their lives.
This kind of thinking creates perfectionist tendencies where “must” and “should” are highlighted creating un attainable goals. Often this system of thinking leads to a low tolerance for frustrations, self pity, and anxiety. CBT therapy aims at helping the client think and look at how their irrational and distorted thoughts are maladaptive to achieving personal success.
The emphasis is on the therapeutic, collaborative, and Socratic dialogue which helps the client see how their feelings and behavior is affecting their quality of life. By collaboration, the therapist seeks to learn what the client’s goals in life are and then helps the client achieve the goals. By using Socratic methods the therapist gains a good understanding of the client and client’s problems by asking questions. The therapist also teaches the client to ask themselves questions.
The therapist carries out an assessment on the client to determine the areas of distortions and consequently dysfunctions that is leading to clinical symptoms. The most common found distortions in individuals and families are in the following areas:
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/350963_basic-concepts-of-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-cbt#ixzz11udGuVcM
Most mental health therapies suggest a client's psychological symptoms emanate from the client's family of origin. It is presumed that the client learnt to do things the way they do from their family of origin and if they are not properly differentiated they will have clinical symptoms. CBT on the other hand suggest that people get psychological problems because of self induced rigid “musts” commands about the events in their lives.
This kind of thinking creates perfectionist tendencies where “must” and “should” are highlighted creating un attainable goals. Often this system of thinking leads to a low tolerance for frustrations, self pity, and anxiety. CBT therapy aims at helping the client think and look at how their irrational and distorted thoughts are maladaptive to achieving personal success.
The emphasis is on the therapeutic, collaborative, and Socratic dialogue which helps the client see how their feelings and behavior is affecting their quality of life. By collaboration, the therapist seeks to learn what the client’s goals in life are and then helps the client achieve the goals. By using Socratic methods the therapist gains a good understanding of the client and client’s problems by asking questions. The therapist also teaches the client to ask themselves questions.
The therapist carries out an assessment on the client to determine the areas of distortions and consequently dysfunctions that is leading to clinical symptoms. The most common found distortions in individuals and families are in the following areas:
Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/350963_basic-concepts-of-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-cbt#ixzz11udGuVcM
Managemnet and treatment of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental condition or illness that occurs in people from all cultures and from all works of life. The disorder is characterized by an array of diverse symptoms, including oddities in perception, thinking, action, sense of self and manner in relating to others. The hallmark of the disorder however is the significant loss of contact with reality.
Before the 1950s the prognosis for schizophrenia was rather bleak because there were very few treatment options. Treatment was mainly based in institutionalizing the patient in overcrowded hospitals and treated with electroconvulsive “shock” therapy. Dramatic improvement came in the mid 1950’s with the introduction of “anti-psychotic” drugs.
Currently there are two phases of schizophrenia treatment and recovery. One phase addresses severe symptoms of an acute psychotic episode and the other focuses on improving functioning and preventing relapse during the maintenance or recovery phase of illness.
Acute Phase: The aim of treatment in the acute phase is to get the psychotic symptoms under control so the patient is not in danger to self or to others. Hospitalization may be required during this time. At this time medication is the primary treatment.
Maintenance Phase: During the maintenance phase of treatment, the goal is to sustain symptom remission or control, reduce the risk of relapse and hospitalization, and teach skills for daily living. Maintenance treatment typically involves medication, supportive therapy, family education and counseling, vocational and social counseling.
Medication:
The medications used in the treatment of schizophrenia are known as antipsychotic (neuroleptic drugs). These medications do not provide a cure but rather work by reducing the psychotic symptoms of the illness. They are thought to work by changing the balance or activity of chemical that transmit message in the brain (neurotransmitters).
The antipsychotic medications are particularly effective at controlling the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The positive symptoms include hallucination, delusions, paranoia, and disordered thinking. These drugs are however less helpful in treating the negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, lack of motivation and lack of emotional expressiveness.
The two main groups of medications used for treatment of schizophrenia are the older or “typical” antipsychotic medications and the newer “Atypical” antipsychotic medications.
Read more at: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/351487_treatment-of-schizophrenia
Before the 1950s the prognosis for schizophrenia was rather bleak because there were very few treatment options. Treatment was mainly based in institutionalizing the patient in overcrowded hospitals and treated with electroconvulsive “shock” therapy. Dramatic improvement came in the mid 1950’s with the introduction of “anti-psychotic” drugs.
Currently there are two phases of schizophrenia treatment and recovery. One phase addresses severe symptoms of an acute psychotic episode and the other focuses on improving functioning and preventing relapse during the maintenance or recovery phase of illness.
Acute Phase: The aim of treatment in the acute phase is to get the psychotic symptoms under control so the patient is not in danger to self or to others. Hospitalization may be required during this time. At this time medication is the primary treatment.
Maintenance Phase: During the maintenance phase of treatment, the goal is to sustain symptom remission or control, reduce the risk of relapse and hospitalization, and teach skills for daily living. Maintenance treatment typically involves medication, supportive therapy, family education and counseling, vocational and social counseling.
Medication:
The medications used in the treatment of schizophrenia are known as antipsychotic (neuroleptic drugs). These medications do not provide a cure but rather work by reducing the psychotic symptoms of the illness. They are thought to work by changing the balance or activity of chemical that transmit message in the brain (neurotransmitters).
The antipsychotic medications are particularly effective at controlling the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The positive symptoms include hallucination, delusions, paranoia, and disordered thinking. These drugs are however less helpful in treating the negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, lack of motivation and lack of emotional expressiveness.
The two main groups of medications used for treatment of schizophrenia are the older or “typical” antipsychotic medications and the newer “Atypical” antipsychotic medications.
Read more at: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/351487_treatment-of-schizophrenia
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)